Purpose: Cell experiments are vitally dependent on CO2 incubators. The heating system of usual incubators result in undesirable induction of Electromagnetic (EM) fields on cells that result in decreased accuracy in bio-Electromagnetic tests. EM shields can cause a considerable decrease in the stray fields and eliminate the undesirable induction. Materials and Methods: CST-2019 is used for simulations. five different shielding systems have been examined in this paper. We try to modify shape and material used for shielding to achieve better result. (Iron, Mu-Metal, steel). Results: We introduce a simple practical design, together with variations of previously reported ones, and numerical evaluation of their magnetic field attenuation. Conclusion: The targeted design decreases the field within the shield to about 0. 03 times of the incident magnetic field, while having holes for air and CO2 exchange.

Laplacian equation in fractional space describes complex phenomena of physics. With this view, potential of charge distribution in fractional space is derived using Gegenbauer polynomials. Multipoles and magnetic field of charges in fractional space have been obtained. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 

Background and Aim: It is known that prolonged exposure to low intensity Electromagnetic field (EMF) is hazardous for biological systems. However, the effect of EMF on human being is controversial. Several epidemiologic and experimental studies have shown that EMF has a harmful effect on central nervous system of animals. Previous research works in our laboratory, using light microscopes have shown that EMF could produce morphological changes in Cerebellum. The aim of the present study is to investigate ultrastructural changes of Cerebellum in EMF-exposed rats.Materials and Methods: 30 wistar rats were exposed to 3 mT EMF for 4 hours/day in a period of 4 months. After the experimental period rats in control and experimental groups were killed and tissue samples from their Cerebella were prepared for electron microscopic studies. Statistical analysis was performed by means of SPSS software and Hest. p<0.05 was regarded significant. Results: The results of this study clearly demonstrated that the number and size of purkinje cells in EMF-exposed rats were decreased significantly (p<0.01). Other changes included: condensation of nuclei, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, vacuolization of cytoplasm, breakdown and disappearance of crista in mitochondria in the purkinje cells of Cerebellum. Conclusion: These findings indicated that long-term exposure to EMF had detrimental effects at cellular level on central nervous system of the rats.

The produced electric and magnetic fields due to lightning strikes to mountainous ground are determined in this paper. For the sake of simplicity a cone-shaped ground with finite conductivity is assumed to represent a natural nonflat ground. By this assumption, we deal with an axillary symmetrical structure so we use the cylindrical 2D-FDTD to save the simulation memory and time, dramatically. The return stroke channel is modeled using the antenna theory model with fixed inductive loading (ATIL-F) which is appropriately incorporated into the FDTD algorithm. We have derived the updating equations of 2D-FDTD for distributed resistance and inductance in ATIL-F model. Both the first and the subsequent return strokes are considered and their related radiated Electromagnetic fields are determined and compared with each other. The fields are calculated at an intermediate horizontal distance from the cone-axis.The calculated results show that the presence of the cone-shape ground introduces an enhancement in electric and magnetic fields, for both first and subsequent return strokes. Since sharper lossy cone means larger current density in the ground, the increment in the amplitude of the fields is inversely proportional to the cone-angle. A hump is observed in Electromagnetic field waveforms because of the current reflection form joint point of the cone-shape ground and the flat ground beneath it. It is more specific in the subsequent-stroke fields. simulation results for different cone-height are presented. It shows that for small values of height, the results approaches to thoseof the flat ground.

Background and Objective: Electromagnetic waved generated by electronic industries and the increasing use of electrical appliances have led to higher rise in chronic exposure to extremely-low-frequency Electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). This study was done to investigate the effects of low Electromagnetic field on mice embryos development.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, eighty female NMRI mice were super ovulated and coupled with male mated over the night. Next morning the female mice with a vaginal plug were identified as pregnant mice. Animals allocated into 2 groups; control group was not exposed to EMF and animals in case group exposed to 50 Hz and amp; 1.2 mT EMF the pregnant mice were scarified by cervical dislocation at 24, 72, 81, 96, 110 and 120 hours. Embryos were subsequently obtained from the mice by flashing the fallopian tubule and uterus horn. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13.5, ANOVA and student’s t-tests.Results: The number of 2, 3-4 cells and 5-8 of embryo cells and blastocyst decreased in case group compared to controls, but these reduction were not significant. The number of morula in cases significantly reduced in comparison with control group (P<0.05). The average number of fragmented blastocyst in experimental groups siginficantly increased compared to control group (P<0.05). The number of inner cell mass and trophoectoderm in experimental group significantly reduced in comparison with controls (P<0.05).Conclusion: The exposure of extremely-low Electromagnetic field in pregnancy reduces the number of morula, inner cell mass and trophoectoderm.